What is the purpose of finishing fabrics
Abstract: It is a processing process that improves the appearance and intrinsic quality of clothing fabrics, improves wearing performance and other application properties, or gives clothing fabrics some special functions through physical, chemical or combined physical and chemical methods. 1. To stabilize the size and shape of the fabric – making use of the certain plasticity of cellulose, silk, wool and other fibers under humid conditions to gradually widen the width of the fabric to the specified size and perform a drying and stabilizing finishing process. Also called fixed width. Heat setting——
A processing process that improves the appearance and intrinsic quality of clothing fabrics, improves wearing performance and other application properties, or gives clothing fabrics some special functions through physical, chemical or combined physical and chemical methods.
1Make fabric Dimensional and morphological stability
Tenter – using cellulose, silk, wool and other fibers to It has certain plasticity under humid conditions, gradually widens the width of the fabric to the specified size and performs a drying and stabilizing finishing process, also called width setting.
Heat setting – refers to the heat treatment of synthetic fiber fabrics under a certain tension , a processing technology that makes its size and shape stable.
2Improve the appearance of clothing fabrics
Singeing: The nap on the surface of cotton and its blended textiles. Use direct flame to remove it to make the surface smooth and clean, which facilitates the smooth progress of subsequent processing and ensures product quality. The flame temperature of singeing is usually 900~1000℃, and the surface temperature of the hot metal plate can also reach 800℃ ,are all higher than the decomposition temperature or ignition point of various fibers.
Calendering: through the mechanical pressure of the calender, moist heat Function, with the help of the plasticity of fibers, the surface fibers are arranged in parallel to improve the smoothness and flatness of the surface, produce regular reflection of light, and thereby improve the color of the fabric.
Embossed finishing: The embossed finishing machine has the same heatable hard The roller consists of a soft roller. The surface of the hard roller is engraved with a positive pattern, while the soft roller is engraved with a negative pattern, and the two match each other. During finishing, the plasticity of the fabric under hot and humid conditions is used, and the fabric is pressed using Yin and Yang rollers to produce a concave and convex pattern effect on the fabric.
Sanding: After finishing, the fabric can produce a suede surface and improve the hand feel. It is comfortable to wear and can be done on a brushing machine. The fabric is rubbed repeatedly to produce a suede surface.
3Improve the soft feel of clothing fabrics Organizing:
Softening finishing is to make up for the stiffness and roughness of the fabric to make the fabric feel soft. processing process. Including mechanical soft finishing, chemical soft finishing and stiff finishing.
Mechanical soft finishing mainly uses mechanical methods, in a state of tension, Flex the fabric multiple times to reduce the rigidity of the fabric and restore it to the appropriate softness.
Chemical method uses softener to reduce friction between fibers coefficient to obtain a soft effect.
Stiff finishing is to make the fabric smooth, stiff, thick and plump It improves hand feel, strength and abrasion resistance, and also improves draping and appearance.
Stiff finishing is generally combined with settingFor smooth finishing, a softener is added to the slurry to improve the overall feel. Similarly, for pure soft finishing, a stiffening agent is added to enhance the body.
4Improve the durability of clothing fabrics
Anti-moth finishing: The additives used in anti-moth finishing should be efficient and low-toxic , has no side effects on the human body and does not affect all aspects of fabric performance. Commonly used moth-proof finishing methods include wool chemical modification and moth-proof agent finishing.
(1)Chemical modification of wool Method: Form a new and stable cross-linked structure through chemical modification. When moths eat this cross-linked structure, they will be difficult to digest and eventually killed, thus improving the moth-proofing performance.
(2)Mothproofing agent finishing Method: Through finishing, the wool fibers are directly loaded with chemicals that have a killing effect on borers. These chemicals are directly immersed in the cortex of borers, or poisoned through the respiratory and digestive organs to kill them.
5Give the fabric special properties
Common ones include waterproof finishing, water-repellent finishing, and flame-retardant finishing.
Waterproof finishing is to coat the fabric so that water and air are Impermeable; water-repellent finishing changes the hydrophilicity of the fiber surface to hydrophobicity, making the fabric breathable and not easily wetted by water.
Flame retardant finishing: Finished fabrics have varying degrees of resistance to flames The ability to spread and quickly stop burning after leaving the fire source.
There are three ways to achieve flame retardant finishing:
(1)Exhaustion burning method: The flame retardant is combined with the cellulose fiber through ionic bonds or covalent bonds, making it insoluble in the fiber and achieving a durable flame retardant effect.
(2)Original solution method: The flame retardant is added directly to the spinning solution.
(3)Copolymerization method: The flame retardant is added to the polymer chain segment to make the fabric have qualified fastness such as resistance to washing, bleaching, and sweat stains, and will not be absorbed by the skin. Printing and dyeing factories mainly use this method.
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What is the purpose of finishing fabrics?
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