New fiber
Many people have misunderstandings or do not understand “New Fiber“. Next, let the editor take everyone together to share with friends and explore more about “New Fiber” “Knowledge…
1. Green fiber
With the development of society, people are increasingly aware of the human living environment and quality, and have begun to carefully protect the diversity and natural ecology of animals and plants in nature, and pay attention to the rational utilization and renewable recycling of limited resources on the earth. It is believed that the ideal fiber in the 21st century must meet three conditions; first, the raw materials must be renewable; second, the creation process should be environmentally friendly; third, the final product is degradable. This fiber is called green fiber. Current green fibers include Lyocell fiber, polylactic acid fiber (PLA), chitin fiber, seaweed fiber, etc.
⑴ Lyocell fiber
Lyocell fiber is a new type of cellulose fiber. In addition to having all the natural properties of cellulose fiber, such as good hygroscopicity, comfortable wearing, natural luster, excellent coloring performance and biodegradability, it also It has very good dry and wet strength, basically the same as polyester fiber, and its wet strength is much greater than viscose and cotton. The raw materials of Lyocell fiber come from natural and renewable fast-growing forests and will not cause predatory exploitation of resources. Lyocell fiber is produced using the NMMO solvent method. This is a new process that does not undergo chemical reactions. The NMMO solvent can be recovered, refined and reused. The entire production system forms a closed-loop recovery and recycling system, with no waste emissions and no impact on the environment. pollution, so its production process is clean.
Due to the good performance of Lyocell, its products can meet people’s need to return to nature, advocate nature and their preference for natural cellulose fibers. Therefore, as soon as the fiber was launched, it was widely welcomed in the world. At present, the United Kingdom, the United States, Austria, and Germany have all achieved industrialized production. According to expert predictions, the total output value will reach 16-20 million tons by 2050.
Donghua University in my country has started researching Lyocell fiber since 1994, and has now built a domestic equipment production line for Lyocell fiber with an annual capacity of 100 tons. Sichuan University has conducted systematic research on the synthesis and recovery of NMMO for more than ten years. At present, a small-scale production device of NMMO has been built with a capacity of 50 tons/year.
⑵ Polylactic acid (PLA) fiber
Polylactic acid (PLA) fiber is made from renewable starch raw materials such as corn and wheat, which is fermented and converted into lactic acid, and then polymerized and melt-spun. PLA fiber will decompose into CO2 and water under the action of microorganisms in soil or water, and then become the starting raw material of starch under the photosynthesis of sunlight. Because this is a recycling process, many experts call PLA fiber “the environmental recycling material of the 21st century.”
PLA fiber has similar properties to polyester fiber and silk-like luster. Its moisture return and wicking properties are better than polyester fiber, so its fabric is very comfortable. Although it is not fireproof, it does have low flammability. It has good elasticity recovery and curl retention, so its fabric has good shape retention and crepe resistance, and has good hand feel and drape; its coloring performance is very good, It can be boiled and dyed with disperse dyes under normal pressure, and has good resistance to fading and ultraviolet rays.
PLA fiber can be made into a variety of products such as filament, staple fiber, multifilament and nonwoven fabrics. Due to its good performance, it is widely used in medical and health care (medical sutures, surgical implant materials, wound dressings, diapers, sanitary napkins, etc.), work clothes (underwear, casual clothes), furniture decorative fabrics, artificial turf, Geotechnical textiles, etc. It is predicted that its use will be even more extensive in the future.
PLA was invented by DuPont in 1932. In recent years, PLA fiber has made rapid progress in Western industrialized countries. By 2001, PLA products will reach 125,000 tons/year. my country’s Nankai University, South China University of Technology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, and Qingdao University have all conducted research on PLA, but there is currently no industrial production.
⑶Chitin fiber
Chitin fiber is made by crushing and drying the shells of crustaceans such as shrimps, crabs, insects, etc., and then chemically and biologically treating it to obtain chitosan, which is dissolved in an appropriate solvent and made by wet spinning. of. This fiber is alkaline and highly chemically active. It is heat-resistant, alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant, but biodegradable. It has excellent biocompatibility with the human body and can be decomposed by lytic enzymes in the body and absorbed. It also has the functions of anti-inflammation, hemostasis, analgesia, antibacterial, and promotes wound healing. Therefore, textiles made of chitin fiber can prevent and treat skin diseases, and can be antibacterial, deodorant, sweat-absorbent and moisturizing, and are also very comfortable to wear. Made of chitin fiber The medical dressing can stop bleeding, promote granulation regeneration, and has analgesic, hemostatic and healing effects. It can also be used to make artificial skin.
2. New varieties of polyester
Polyester is one of the important fibers among chemical fibers and has many excellent properties. However, general polyester also has some shortcomings. Therefore, people have synthesized new polyester by modifying the molecular structure to address the shortcomings of polyester.
⑴ ECDP fiber
Generally, polyester fiber fabrics require high temperature and high pressure for coloring, which not only has low production efficiency, but also has high production costs. In view of the shortcomings of polyesterAiry fibers. For example, hollow microporous fibers, in addition to the capillary action of the hollow part that can absorb water and breathe, there are also many micropores on the surface of the fiber, which increase the speed of water absorption and perspiration. Fabrics made of this fiber are lightweight, dry and warm, and are quite popular fabrics. Another example is the fiber made by mixing and co-spinning a special highly hygroscopic polymer and nylon 6. The moisture absorption and release properties are greatly improved. The diffusion speed of moisture and sweat in the fiber is very high. Clothes made of this fiber have a higher moisture vapor permeability ratio. Generally, nylon fiber clothes are made twice as long, the stuffiness is reduced, and the human body comfort is improved.
With the advancement of science and technology, functional fibers are becoming more and more abundant, and people’s requirements are getting higher and higher. People not only require fibers with a single function, but also require fibers with multiple functions at the same time. This is also a progress in functional fibers. direction.
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