Textile Materials – Fabrics (16): Thermal and Moisture Comfort of Fabrics
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The thermal and moisture comfort of fabrics refers to the performance of fabrics in maintaining and regulating the stability of human body temperature and appropriate microenvironmental humidity between the heat and moisture transfer between the human body and the environment.
1. Physical indicators for evaluating thermal and moisture comfort
Thermal insulation rate: Place the test fabric on one side of the isothermal thermal body. The other sides of the thermal body are good thermal insulation materials. The energy required to maintain the thermal body at a constant temperature is measured, also known as the warmth retention rate. Let Q0 be the heat dissipation per unit time when the heating body is not covered with fabric, and Q1 be the heat dissipation per unit time after the heating body covers the sample, then The adiabatic rate i is:
i=(Q0—Q1)×100%/Q0
Thermal resistance: The unit is ℃·m2/W (customarily called thermal ohm). It means that when the temperature difference is 1℃, when the heat energy passes through the fabric at a rate of 1 watt per square meter, Thermal resistance of fabric.
Clo: A person sitting quietly or doing light work will generate heat of about 210kJ/(m2•h) through metabolism, at a room temperature of 20~21℃ and a relative humidity of When the clothing feels comfortable in an environment with less than 50% wind speed not exceeding 0.1m/s and can maintain the average skin temperature at about 33°C, the thermal insulation value of the clothing worn is defined as 1clo.
Capillary height h: The vertical capillary height method is used to measure the wicking height of liquid water in the fabric within a certain time (10 minutes) to express the water retention capacity and liquid transfer capacity of the fabric.
In addition, there are wet comfort performance indicators such as air permeability, relative air permeability, moisture release and drying rate, and water retention rate.
2. Application of thermal and moisture comfort of fabrics
(1) Selection of summer workwear fabrics
Generally, summer work clothes are required to be light and loose to reduce thermal resistance. The fabric surface is required to be completely smooth, have high reflectivity, and absorb less radiant heat. In addition, the fabric should also have good water absorption, heat dissipation, moisture dissipation, breathability and other properties. Therefore, in summer, you should choose fine linen fabrics that are light, thin, less hairy, large in twist, and good in elasticity, as well as silk, rayon, pure cotton, polyester-cotton and other fabrics as workwear fabrics.
(2) Selection of fabrics for winter workwear
Winter workwear is mainly designed to keep out the cold and wind, especially the outer layer of clothing. The thermal conductivity of the fabric is small, that is, the thermal resistance is large, the fabric contains a large amount of still air and the ventilation volume is small, that is, the fabric should be selected with low breathability and thick thickness. , tight fabrics, and even PU coated fabrics as winter fabrics.
Fabrics of Textile Materials (16): Thermal and Moisture Comfort of Fabrics
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