Types of cotton cloth
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Nowadays, many cloth shoes are made of cotton. The main varieties are:
1. Plain cloth The common feature of plain cloth is that it is woven with a plain weave, and the linear density of the warp and weft yarns is the same or similar to the density of the warp and weft yarns in the fabric. According to the thickness of the warp and weft yarns used, it can be divided into coarse plain cloth, medium plain cloth and fine plain cloth.
(1) Coarse cloth, also known as coarse cloth, is mostly made of pure cotton coarse yarn. Its characteristics are that the cloth body is rough and thick, the cloth surface has many neps and impurities, and it is strong and durable. Commercially available coarse cloth is mainly used as interlining for work clothes, etc. In mountainous rural areas and coastal fishing villages, commercially available coarse cloth is also used to make shirts and quilts. After coloring, it can be used as material for shirts and trousers.
(2) Zhongping cloth is also called market cloth, and commercially available cloth is also called white market cloth. It is woven with special cotton yarn or viscose yarn, cotton viscose yarn, polyester cotton yarn, etc. It is characterized by a tight structure, a flat and full cloth surface, a firm texture, and a hard feel. Commercially available plain fabrics are mainly used as quilt linings and lining fabrics, and are also used as shirts, pants, and sheets. Medium plain cloth is mostly used as natural cotton cloth for bleaching cloth, colored cloth and floral cloth. After finishing, it can be used as work clothes fabric, etc.
(3) Fine plain cloth, also known as fine cloth, is woven with fine cotton yarn, viscose yarn, cotton viscose yarn, polyester-cotton yarn, etc. Its characteristics are that the cloth body is fine, clean and soft, the texture is light and tight, and the cloth surface has few impurities. The fine cloth sold in the market is mainly used as Tongzhong plain cloth. Fine cloth is mostly used as natural cotton cloth for bleaching cloth, colored cloth and floral cloth. After finishing, it can be used as underwear, pants, summer coats, blouses and other fabrics.
2. Poplin This fabric is also woven with plain weave. Different from plain cloth, the ratio of warp density and weft density is generally 1.8~2.2:1. Since the warp density is significantly greater than the weft density, a diamond-shaped grain pattern composed of raised parts of the warp yarns is formed on the surface of the fabric. To weave poplin fabrics, pure cotton or polyester-cotton fine yarn is commonly used. According to the different spinning yarns used, it is divided into yarn poplin, half-thread poplin (with strands in the warp direction), and thread poplin (with strands in both warp and weft directions). According to different spinning processes, it is divided into carded poplin and combed poplin. In terms of weaving patterns, there are hidden-stripe hidden-lattice poplin, satin-stripe satin-lattice poplin, jacquard poplin, colorful-stripe and colorful-lattice poplin, flash poplin, etc. According to the printing and dyeing finishing conditions of natural poplin and natural cotton, there are bleached poplin, variegated poplin and printed poplin. All kinds of poplin fabrics have the characteristics of clean and flat surface, fine texture, full grain, perfect luster and softness, and soft and waxy feel. Poplin is a major variety of cotton. Mainly used for shirts, summer clothes and daily clothes.
3. Linen yarn Linen yarn is usually woven with a weft-heavy plain weave in a plain weave variation, and is also woven with other variation weaves. It is woven with fine cotton yarn or polyester-cotton yarn, and the warp twist is higher than the weft yarn, and the twist of the warp yarn is higher than that of ordinary plain cloth, so the fabric has the characteristics of crispness like linen fabric. The surface of the fabric shows thin stripes of varying widths longitudinally. This kind of material is light and thin, has clear stripes, is refreshing and breathable, and is comfortable to wear. There are bleaching, coloring, printing, yarn-dyed, jacquard and other varieties. Used as summer fabrics for men’s and women’s shirts, children’s underwear, skirts and other fabrics.
4. Twill fabric Twill fabric is usually woven with a 2/1↖ weave. The twill pattern is obvious on the front of the fabric and blurred on the back. Single yarns are used in both warp and weft directions, the linear density is close, and the warp density of the fabric is slightly higher than the weft density. The fabric woven with fine special yarn is called fine twill, and the fabric made with medium special yarn is called denim. The raw materials used include pure cotton, viscose fiber and polyester cotton. The twill fabric is tight, thick and soft to the touch. A small amount of it is sold in the market, mainly used as quilt lining and underwear. Most of them are made into colored cloth and floral cloth. Colored fine twill is used as a fabric for uniforms, casual wear and work jackets. Flower twill is used for women’s and children’s clothing. Large flowers can be used as quilt tops.
5. Khaki Khaki twill weave fabric. The varieties are divided according to the warp and weft spinning yarns used, and can be divided into line card (both warp and weft are made of strands), half-line card (warp and weft strands, weft single yarn) and yarn card (both warp and weft are single yarn). The line card is made of 2/2↗ weave, with obvious twill patterns on both the front and back sides. It is also called a double-sided card. The half line card adopts 3/1↗ weave structure. The yarn card is made of 3/1↖ weave. Half-line cards and yarn cards are single-sided cards. The raw materials used in khaki mainly include pure cotton, polyester cotton, etc. This kind of fabric has a tight, thick structure, obvious texture, and is strong and durable. After coloring and finishing, it is mainly used for spring, autumn and winter work clothes fabrics and windbreaker and raincoat fabrics. Yarn card is mostly used as outerwear and work clothes fabric.
6. Serge Serge is also woven with twill weave. According to the different materials used in the warp and weft directions, it is divided into two types: yarn serge (single yarn is used in both warp and weft) and thread serge (warp strands, weft single yarn). The former uses 2/2↖ and the latter uses 2/2↗. Serge has a looser structure than similar varieties of khaki and gabardine, and yarn serge has a softer structure than thread serge. This kind of fabric has opposite twill directions on the front and back, has a thick texture and a soft hand feel. The raw materials used mainly include pure cotton, cotton viscose and viscose fiber. Serge is mostly made of bleached and dyed natural cotton, and after dyeing it is used as fabric for men’s and women’s work clothes and children’s hats. Gauze serge is also used for printing. After finishing, it can be used as clothing material for women and children.
7. Gabardine Gabardine is also woven with twill weave. Its characteristic is that the warp density is greater than the weft density.15. Flannel cloth: Flannel cloth is a fabric that has loose velvet after natural cotton cloth is brushed by a brushing machine. It is usually made of plain or twill weave. Its characteristic is that the weft yarn used in the fabric is thick and the warp yarn is thin. The special number of the weft yarn is generally about twice that of the warp yarn, and some are several times. The raw materials used for the weft yarn include pure cotton, polyester cotton, and polyacrylonitrile fiber. There are many varieties of velvet. According to the fabric structure, it is divided into plain velvet, serge velvet and twill velvet. According to the suede surface, it is divided into single-sided velvet and double-sided velvet. According to the thickness of the fabric, it is divided into thick velvet and thin velvet. According to the printing and dyeing finishing method, it is divided into There are bleached velvet, variegated velvet, printed velvet and dyed velvet. Colored velvet can be divided into striped velvet, plaid velvet, colorful plaid velvet, sesame velvet, straight velvet and so on. The flannel feels soft, has good warmth retention, strong moisture absorption and is comfortable to wear. Mainly used as men’s and women’s winter shirts, pants, children’s work clothes, linings, etc.
16. Crepe Crepe, also known as crepe, is a thin plain cotton fabric with uniform crepe patterns in the longitudinal direction. Its characteristics are that ordinary cotton yarn is used in the warp direction and strongly twisted yarn is used in the weft direction. The warp density in the fabric is greater than the weft density. After weaving the plain cotton cloth, it is loosely dyed and finished to shrink the weft direction by about 30%, thus forming a uniform crepe pattern. The raw materials used are pure cotton or polyester cotton. Creped fabrics can be further finished into bleached, variegated or printed fabrics. Crepe fabric is light and thin in texture, with natural and durable crepe lines, high elasticity, refreshing and soft feel, and comfortable wearing. Mainly used for various shirts, skirt materials, pajamas, bathrobes, children’s shirts and skirts, etc.
17. Seersucker Seersucker is a thin pure cotton or polyester-cotton fabric with concave and convex bubbles on the fabric surface. Its characteristic is to use chemical or weaving technology to form bubbles on the surface of the fabric. According to the principle of forming bubbles, seersucker is mainly divided into printed and dyed seersucker and yarn-dyed seersucker. The former uses the shrinkage effect of sodium hydroxide on cotton fibers, so that the alkali solution acts on the surface of the fabric according to the design requirements, so that the surface of the fabric affected by the alkali solution and the surface of the fabric that is not affected by the alkali solution will produce bubbles due to the difference in shrinkage. If polyester and cotton are woven with spaced warp or weft yarns, the difference in shrinkage of the two fibers under the action of alkali liquid can be used to form bubbles. The latter uses two kinds of warp yarns: ground warp and bubble warp. The bubble warp spinning yarn is thick and has excessive let-off, causing bubbles to form in the bubble warp part. Depending on the materials used, seersucker is divided into single yarn seersucker and half-thread seersucker (strands in the warp direction and single yarn in the weft direction). Some yarn-dyed seersuckers are half-thread seersuckers. Printed and dyed seersucker colored seersucker. Seersucker has a unique appearance, a strong sense of body, and a light and thin texture. It is not close to the body when worn, is cool and comfortable, and does not require ironing after washing. Mainly used as summer shirts, skirts, pajamas, etc. for women and children.
18. Striped fabric Striped fabric is a common variety among yarn-dyed fabrics, and most of the patterns are strips and plaids. Its characteristic is that the warp and weft yarns are arranged at intervals with yarns of two or more colors, and most of them are woven with plain weave. They can also be woven with small patterns, honeycomb weave or leno weave. If two or more colors are used for warp yarn alone, color strips or color bars are obtained; if two or more colors are used for both warp and weft yarns, color grids or color grids are obtained. The raw materials include pure cotton, polyester cotton, cotton fiber, etc. According to the strip type and grid type as well as the color depth, it can be divided into dark strip cloth, dark check cloth, light strip cloth and light check cloth. Most of the deep line plaid fabrics are full yarn fabrics, and a few are full thread fabrics. Others include colored stripe twill (woven with twill weave), serge stripe lattice and inlaid stripe lattice (embedded color lines on the edge of the stripe). The texture of the striped cloth is light and smooth, with clear stripes, flat cloth surface and coordinated color matching. Mainly used as summer clothes, underwear, winter clothes, shoe and hat linings, etc. Pure cotton striped plaid has a relatively large shrinkage rate.
19. Leno Leno, also known as mesh cloth, is a perforated fabric woven with leno tissue. Its characteristic is that two sets of warp yarns, ground warp and twisted warp, and one set of weft yarns are interlaced. Fine special yarns are often used and woven with a smaller density. The raw materials used are often pure cotton, polyester cotton and various chemical fibers. According to different finishing methods, it can be divided into colored leno, bleached leno, printed leno, yarn-dyed leno, jacquard leno, etc. Leno fabric has good air permeability, clear gauze holes, clean surface and refreshing fabric body. Mainly used as summer clothing, shawls and mosquito nets.
20. Glass yarn Glass yarn is also called voile. It is a thin and transparent fabric woven with plain weave. Its characteristic is that both the warp and weft are made of fine, specially combed and strongly twisted yarn, and the density of the warp and weft in the fabric is relatively small. Due to the “fine” and “rare” yarns, coupled with the strong twist, the fabric is thin and transparent. All raw materials are pure cotton and polyester cotton. The warp and weft yarns in the fabric are either single yarns or strands. According to different finishes, glass yarn includes dyed glass yarn, bleached glass yarn, printed glass yarn, yarn-dyed jacquard glass yarn, etc. The glass yarn fabric has a thin texture, feels refreshing, has clear holes, is transparent and breathable. Types of cotton cloth
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