Textile Materials: Fabrics (9): Mechanical Durability of Fabrics
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The mechanical durability of fabrics mainly refers to the fabric’s resistance to fatigue, wear and hooks, impact and puncture resistance.
1.Fatigue resistance of fabric
Generally speaking, when a fabric is subjected to cyclic load or deformation, or a static load that is significantly less than the breaking strength for a long time, the fabric will break or be damaged. This phenomenon is called fabric fatigue. The ability of a fabric to resist damage from fatigue is called fatigue resistance.
Factors affecting the fatigue resistance of fabrics:
The fatigue resistance of fabrics mainly depends on three factors. One is the structure of the fabric. The more stable the fabric structure is and the more elastic parts there are in the structure, the more resistant the fabric is to fatigue. The second is the fatigue resistance of the yarns that make up the fabric and even the fiber itself. The third is the test and use conditions, including ambient temperature and humidity, frequency of repeated effects and stop time. The higher the temperature and humidity, the higher the frequency of action, the shorter the stop time, and the less resistant the fabric is to fatigue.
2. Wear resistance of fabric
Abrasion refers to the gradual wear and tear of fabrics caused by repeated friction between fabrics or other substances, while abrasion resistance refers to the resistance of fabrics to wear.
Main factors affecting the wear resistance of fabrics:
(1) Properties and geometry of fibers
Under the same spinning conditions, when the fibers are long, the cohesion force between fibers is large, and the fibers are not easily pulled out of the yarn during friction, which contributes to the wear resistance of the fabric; the moderate fineness of the fibers is beneficial to wear resistance, generally considered to be 2.78~3.33 dtex is more appropriate; the flexural wear and edge wear resistance of special-shaped fiber fabrics is generally worse than that of round fiber fabrics; the mechanical properties of fibers are the decisive factor affecting the wear resistance of fabrics. Fibers with high elongation at break, high elastic recovery rate and high specific work at break generally have better wear resistance.
(2) Spinning yarn shape
When the twist of the spinning yarn is too large, the stress on the fiber will be too large and the mobility of the fiber segments will be small. Excessive twist will also make the yarn body stiff and difficult to flatten when rubbed. The contact area is small and it is easy to cause local damage. The increased stress causes premature local wear of the spinning yarn, which is not conducive to the wear resistance of the fabric. If the twist is too small, the yarn body will be loose, and the fibers will be less bound in the yarn and will be easily pulled out, which is also not conducive to the wear resistance of the fabric.
When the evenness of the spun yarn is poor, the structure of the thick parts is loose, and the fibers are easily pulled out during friction, which makes the yarn structure loose and the wear resistance of the fabric decreases.
(3) Fabric geometry
The thicker the fabric, the better the resistance to flat abrasion; conversely, the resistance to flexion abrasion and folding abrasion is better.
When the warp and weft density is low, the plain weave fabric with short floating length is more wear-resistant; when the warp and weft density is high, the satin weave fabric with long floating length is more wear-resistant.
The square meter weight of the fabric has the most significant impact on flat abrasion resistance. The flat abrasion resistance of fabrics increases almost linearly with the increase in weight per unit area, and different fabrics only differ in degree.
Fabrics with low apparent density and high hairiness have good wear resistance.
(4) Experimental conditions
The temperature and humidity of the environment, friction direction and pressure, etc., have a great impact on the wear resistance of the fabric. Moreover, during the actual use of fabrics, they are often accompanied by the effects of sunlight, sweat, cleaning agents, etc., so the impact on the wear resistance of fabrics is relatively complex.
(5) Post-arrangement
After cotton and viscose fabrics are finished with hot-melt resin, their wear resistance will vary depending on the severity and severity of the friction. When the pressure is high and the friction is severe, the abrasion resistance of the fabric after finishing is significantly reduced, which is mainly due to the deterioration of fiber elongation performance after finishing. When the pressure is small and the friction is gentle, the wear resistance of the finished fabric increases.
3. Snagging resistance of fabric
The phenomenon that the fibers and yarns in the fabric are pulled out of the fabric surface due to snagging is called snagging. The factors that affect the snagging properties of fabrics include:
(1) Fiber properties
Fibers with circular cross-sections are easier to snag than fibers with non-circular cross-sections. Fibers with shorter filaments are more likely to snag. When the fiber has high strength and long elongation, the snag phenomenon is obvious. When the fiber elongation is small and the elasticity is high, the snag phenomenon occurs. Can be relieved and removed through elastic retraction.
(2) Spinning yarn shape
The general rule is that those with a tight structure and uniform strips are not easy to snag. Therefore, increasing the twist of spinning yarn can reduce fabric snagging. Thread fabrics are less prone to snagging than gauze fabrics.
(3) Fabric structure
Fabrics with a tight structure are not easy to snag; fabrics with flat surfaces are not easy to snag; knitted fabrics have more obvious snags than woven fabrics, and weft knitted fabrics are not easy to snag; knitted fabrics with large vertical and horizontal densities and short loop lengths Not easy to snag.
(4) Post-arrangement
Heat setting and resin finishing can make the fabric surface smoother and smoother, and the snagging phenomenon can be significantly improved or eliminated.
4. Puncture and cut resistance of fabric
The puncture and cut resistance of the fabric means that the fabric is punctured or cut by a sharp object or broken by lamination.The difficulty of �.
Fabric Materials – Fabrics (9): Mechanical Durability of Fabrics
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